Surveys represent one of
the most common types of
quantitative, social science
research. In survey research,
the researcher selects a
sample of respondents from a
population and administers a
standardized questionnaire
to them. The questionnaire,
or survey, can be a written
document that is completed
by the person being surveyed,
an online questionnaire, a
face-to-face interview, or a
telephone interview. Using
surveys, it is possible to
collect data from large or
small populations (sometimes
referred to as the universe
of a study).
Different types of
surveys are actually
composed of several research
techniques, developed by a
variety of disciplines. For
instance, interview began as
a tool primarily for
psychologists and
anthropologists, while
sampling got its start in
the field of agricultural
economics (Angus and Katona,
1953).
Survey research does not
belong to any one field and
it can be employed by almost
any discipline. According to
Angus and Katona, "It is
this capacity for wide
application and broad
coverage which gives the
survey technique its great
usefulness..."
With the growth of the
Internet (and in particular
the World Wide Web) and the
expanded use of electronic
mail for business
communication, the
electronic survey is
becoming a more widely used
survey method. Electronic
surveys can take many forms.
They can be distributed as
electronic mail messages
sent to potential
respondents. They can be
posted as World Wide Web
forms on the Internet. And
they can be distributed via
publicly available computers
in high-traffic areas such
as libraries and shopping
malls. In many cases,
electronic surveys are
placed on laptops and
respondents fill out a
survey on a laptop computer
rather than on paper.
[http://writing.colostate.edu/guides/research/survey/index.cfm]
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